120 HOURS OF MONITORING AT A SINGLE POINT: MCL’S METHODOLOGY FOR WPPs IN THE CARPATHIANS

How MCL applies international best practices to assess impacts on birdlife and ensure safe wind energy development

Environmental impact remains one of the most critical issues in discussions around the growth of renewable energy in Ukraine. This is particularly true for wind farm projects in the Carpathians — a mountainous region renowned for its rich biodiversity. At the Ukrainian Wind Energy Forum 2025, Yaroslav Kovhan, Deputy Director for Ecology at MCL, ecologist and ornithologist, shared his insights on the potential impacts of wind energy projects in the region, currently being developed by Wind Parks of Ukraine.

According to Mr. Kovhan, comprehensive field studies have shown that the impact of wind farm construction in the area can be considered acceptable — posing no significant risks to the environment or protected species. Research is conducted year-round, across all seasons, to capture migration and nesting patterns of both birds and bats. At a single observation point, specialists spend more than 120 hours in the field, recording the number of individuals, their species, and behavior.

“Rare species were observed only occasionally and at altitudes where turbines do not pose a threat,” Mr. Kovhan emphasized.

Monitoring & Methodology

• MCL employs a comprehensive, multi-layered approach:
• Visual survey routes to monitor bird movements.
• Ultrasonic detectors to capture bat activity.
• Seasonal analysis of migration and nesting behavior.
• The methodology is based on the standards of the Scottish Natural Heritage Trust, widely applied across Europe, ensuring a high level of accuracy and reliability.

Results for the Carpathian Region

• Archival data from the 1980s suggesting a major migration corridor in this part of the Carpathians were not confirmed.
• No evidence of negative impacts of wind turbines on birds has been observed.
• At present, 14 professional ornithologists are actively engaged in monitoring — covering both operating wind farms and projects at various stages of development.

Professional Expertise

• Each project involves a multidisciplinary team — experts in ecology, ornithology, chiropterology, botany, and other fields. This ensures an impartial and holistic evaluation of environmental impacts.

The Carpathian experience demonstrates that wind energy can grow in harmony with nature conservation. By rigorously applying international methodologies, engaging highly qualified experts, and maintaining systematic monitoring, MCL ensures that the environmental impact of wind farms remains controlled, acceptable, and fully compatible with sustainable development goals.